{"id":1142,"date":"2025-12-26T17:45:09","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T17:45:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/?p=1142"},"modified":"2026-04-01T11:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T11:04:24","slug":"how-much-does-it-cost-to-build-an-app-like-zerodha-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/how-much-does-it-cost-to-build-an-app-like-zerodha-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"How Much Does It Cost to Build an App Like Zerodha in India?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"53\" data-end=\"363\">Platforms like <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span> have revolutionized India\u2019s fintech space, growing to 10M+ users and handling massive daily trading volumes. Their success shows how a simple, low-cost trading app can generate strong revenue through brokerage, subscriptions, and advanced trading tools.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"530\">And that&#8217;s not it, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/companies\/news\/zerodha-hits-rs-8320-crore-revenue-in-fy24-profit-at-rs-4700-crore-nithin-kamath-stock-broker-trade-news-business-11727236492348.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News Report<\/a>, <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span> reported \u20b98,320 crore revenue and \u20b94,700 crore profit in FY24, showing how trading apps can generate massive profits with a lean, digital-first model.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"530\">With more retail investors entering the market, the demand for trading apps is booming, making many businesses ask: What is the Cost to build an App Like Zerodha? This blog will break down the cost and development process needed to build a trading app like <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"46hy8\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"64\">Rise of Trading Apps &amp; the Cost to Build an App Like Zerodha<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"66\" data-end=\"402\">The rapid growth of platforms like <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span> highlights how India\u2019s digital ecosystem has unlocked massive opportunities in fintech. With increasing internet penetration, affordable smartphones, and simplified KYC processes, millions of first-time investors have entered the stock market through mobile apps.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"744\">Today, <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span> alone serves 16+ million users and manages assets worth over \u20b96 lakh crore, while generating around \u20b98,000+ crore in annual revenue with strong profitability. This shows how trading apps are not just user-friendly platforms but also highly scalable and profitable digital businesses.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1022\" data-end=\"1388\">Alongside <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span>, several other platforms have gained traction, including <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Upstox<\/span><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/how-much-does-it-cost-to-build-an-app-like-groww-in-india\/\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Groww<\/span><\/span><\/a>, and <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Angel One<\/span><\/span>. These apps offer features like zero brokerage, mutual fund investments, and easy onboarding, making investing accessible to a wider audience.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1022\" data-end=\"1388\">This massive user adoption and revenue potential are key reasons why businesses are increasingly exploring the Cost to Build an App Like Zerodha, aiming to tap into India\u2019s fast-growing digital trading market.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"smr8jq\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"63\">Cost to Build an App Like Zerodha: Stage-by-Stage Breakdown<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"65\" data-end=\"409\">Understanding the Cost to build an App Like Zerodha requires a detailed look at each development stage, as every layer, from design to deployment, directly impacts the final investment. A platform like <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span> is not just a mobile app; it\u2019s a complex fintech ecosystem built for speed, security, and scalability.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1fvupkp\" data-start=\"416\" data-end=\"471\">1. UI\/UX Design<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"839\">The foundation of the Cost to Build an App Like Zerodha starts with <a href=\"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/agencies\/ui-ux-design-development\">UI\/UX design<\/a>. Trading apps demand a highly intuitive interface where users can analyse charts, execute trades, and manage portfolios without confusion. This stage includes user journey mapping, wireframing, prototyping, and creating a clean design system that enhances user trust and engagement.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"841\" data-end=\"876\"><strong data-start=\"841\" data-end=\"860\">Estimated Cost:<\/strong> \u20b93 \u2013 \u20b98 Lakhs<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1tfiubp\" data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"937\">2. Development<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"1325\">A major portion of the Cost to build an App Like Zerodha lies in frontend and backend development. This is where core features such as user dashboards, watchlists, order placement, transaction history, and admin controls are built. The backend must handle high volumes of concurrent users and real-time data processing, making it both resource-intensive and critical for performance.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1327\" data-end=\"1364\"><strong data-start=\"1327\" data-end=\"1346\">Estimated Cost:<\/strong> \u20b915 \u2013 \u20b940 Lakhs<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1atu1dm\" data-start=\"1371\" data-end=\"1428\">3. Trading Engine<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1429\" data-end=\"1811\">The trading engine is the backbone of the Cost to Build an App Like Zerodha. It enables real-time order execution, integrates with stock exchanges, and processes live market data with minimal latency. Building a fast, reliable, and scalable trading engine requires advanced architecture and seamless API integrations, similar to what powers <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1813\" data-end=\"1850\"><strong data-start=\"1813\" data-end=\"1832\">Estimated Cost:<\/strong> \u20b920 \u2013 \u20b950 Lakhs<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1it2c1p\" data-start=\"1857\" data-end=\"1921\">4. Security &amp; Compliance Cost<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1922\" data-end=\"2261\">Security plays a crucial role in determining the Cost to build an App Like Zerodha. Since financial data is highly sensitive, the app must include strong encryption, secure authentication (like 2FA), and compliance with regulations such as SEBI guidelines and KYC norms. This stage ensures legal safety and builds long-term user trust.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2263\" data-end=\"2299\"><strong data-start=\"2263\" data-end=\"2282\">Estimated Cost:<\/strong> \u20b95 \u2013 \u20b915 Lakhs<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1ns45l3\" data-start=\"2306\" data-end=\"2356\">5. Testing<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2357\" data-end=\"2657\"><a href=\"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/agencies\/testers-and-qa\">QA and Testing<\/a> are essential to finalise the Cost to build an App Like Zerodha, as even minor bugs can lead to major financial risks. This phase includes performance testing, security testing, and real-time trade simulations to ensure the app runs smoothly under heavy user loads and market fluctuations.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2659\" data-end=\"2695\"><strong data-start=\"2659\" data-end=\"2678\">Estimated Cost:<\/strong> \u20b93 \u2013 \u20b910 Lakhs<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1vt5ooa\" data-start=\"2702\" data-end=\"2772\">6. Deployment &amp; Infrastructure<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2773\" data-end=\"3100\">The final stage influencing the Cost to build an App Like Zerodha is deployment and infrastructure. This involves cloud hosting, server setup, database management, and ongoing maintenance to support real-time trading and scalability. A strong infrastructure ensures uptime, speed, and reliability during peak trading hours.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3102\" data-end=\"3138\"><strong data-start=\"3102\" data-end=\"3121\">Estimated Cost:<\/strong> \u20b95 \u2013 \u20b920 Lakhs<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"15n5joo\" data-start=\"3145\" data-end=\"3190\">Total Cost to Build an App Like Zerodha<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3192\" data-end=\"3295\">When all stages are combined, the total Cost to build an App Like Zerodha typically ranges between \u20b950 Lakhs to \u20b91.5+ Crore. This cost varies based on feature complexity, scalability requirements, and whether you&#8217;re building an MVP or a full-scale platform like <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1q7rke\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"68\">6 Key Features That Increase the Cost to Build an App Like Zerodha<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"70\" data-end=\"293\">Building a broker platform requires advanced fintech capabilities that go beyond basic app functionality and demand high performance, accuracy, and compliance, similar to platforms like <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1a8ca4i\" data-start=\"300\" data-end=\"341\">1. Real-Time Order Execution System<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"722\">A real-time order execution system is one of the biggest contributors to the Cost to build an App Like Zerodha. Buy and sell orders must be processed instantly with minimal latency, especially during peak market hours. Developing a system that can handle thousands of concurrent transactions without failure requires high-end backend architecture and optimised infrastructure.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"gsu19s\" data-start=\"729\" data-end=\"775\">2. Direct Exchange Integration (NSE\/BSE)<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"776\" data-end=\"1108\">Direct integration with stock exchanges is essential, and it significantly impacts the Cost to build an App Like Zerodha. The app must securely connect with exchanges to fetch live data, place orders, and receive confirmations in real time. This involves licensed APIs, strict compliance requirements, and complex system design.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1oxz5bc\" data-start=\"1115\" data-end=\"1159\">3. Demat &amp; Portfolio Management System<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1160\" data-end=\"1472\">A robust portfolio management system increases the Zerodha app development cost as it must provide real-time tracking of holdings, profit\/loss updates, and transaction records. The system needs to ensure accurate synchronisation of financial data across multiple assets and user accounts without delays.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"aq3gjd\" data-start=\"1479\" data-end=\"1527\">4. Margin Trading &amp; Risk Management Engine<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1528\" data-end=\"1852\">The inclusion of margin trading features adds to the cost due to the need for a real-time risk management engine. This system continuously monitors user exposure, calculates leverage, and enforces limits to prevent excessive losses, making it both technically complex and resource-intensive.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"18a0xsj\" data-start=\"1859\" data-end=\"1902\">5. KYC &amp; Regulatory Compliance (SEBI)<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1903\" data-end=\"2183\">Implementing secure onboarding and compliance systems directly affects the cost of the Zerodha app development. Features like PAN verification, Aadhaar-based KYC, and adherence to SEBI regulations require multiple API integrations, data security layers, and audit-ready systems.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"bh6c7p\" data-start=\"2190\" data-end=\"2229\">6. Back-Office &amp; Reporting System<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2230\" data-end=\"2533\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">A comprehensive reporting system also impacts the Zerodha app development cost, as it must generate detailed financial reports such as contract notes, tax summaries, and transaction histories. Handling large volumes of financial data with accuracy and compliance adds to development complexity.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1mux4sb\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"46\">How to Reduce Zerodha App Development Cost<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"48\" data-end=\"383\">Building a trading platform can be expensive, but with the right approach, you can significantly optimise development expenses without compromising on quality. Many fintech startups follow a phased strategy to control investment while still entering the market quickly\u2014just like platforms such as <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1ilbfhy\" data-start=\"390\" data-end=\"441\">1. Start with an MVP (Minimum Viable Product)<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"442\" data-end=\"756\">Launching with an <a href=\"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/what-is-mvp-in-app-development\/\">MVP<\/a> is one of the most effective ways to control costs. Instead of building a complete platform, focus on essential features like onboarding, basic trading, and portfolio tracking. This approach helps validate your idea early while keeping the cost to build an App Like Zerodha under control.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"10iprhu\" data-start=\"763\" data-end=\"808\">2. Focus on Core Trading Features First<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"809\" data-end=\"1072\">Avoid adding advanced features in the initial phase. Start with must-have functionalities such as order placement, fund management, and simple dashboards. Expanding features gradually ensures better budget allocation and prevents unnecessary development expenses.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"zjqad1\" data-start=\"1079\" data-end=\"1140\">3. Choose an Affordable Fintech App Development Company<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1141\" data-end=\"1421\">Working with a cost-effective <a href=\"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/top-fintech-app-development-companies-in-india\/\">fintech app development partner<\/a> can significantly reduce your budget. Many specialised companies offer high-quality services at competitive rates, helping you optimise the cost to build an App Like Zerodha without sacrificing performance or security.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"m06xtt\" data-start=\"1428\" data-end=\"1490\">4. Use Third-Party APIs Instead of Building from Scratch<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1491\" data-end=\"1705\">Instead of developing everything in-house, use reliable third-party APIs for market data, KYC, and payment processing. This reduces development time, minimises complexity, and helps accelerate your launch timeline.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"minrv3\" data-start=\"1712\" data-end=\"1757\">5. Go for Scalable Cloud Infrastructure<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1758\" data-end=\"1958\">Cloud-based solutions allow you to scale resources based on demand. This means you don\u2019t need a heavy upfront investment in servers, making it easier to manage costs during the early stages of your app.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"4siof0\" data-start=\"1965\" data-end=\"2011\">6. Prioritise Cross-Platform Development<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2012\" data-end=\"2195\">Using frameworks like Flutter or React Native helps you build apps for both Android and iOS simultaneously. This reduces development time, resource requirements, and overall expenses.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"wr0occ\" data-start=\"2202\" data-end=\"2234\">7. Outsource Strategically<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2235\" data-end=\"2431\"><a href=\"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/how-to-hire-a-ui-ux-design-company-in-india\/\">Hiring UI\/UX design<\/a> or testing companies can help reduce operational costs. However, it\u2019s important to choose experienced teams to maintain quality and avoid rework in later stages.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"mb6uu7\" data-start=\"2438\" data-end=\"2470\">8. Plan Features in Phases<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2471\" data-end=\"2724\">A phased development approach allows you to launch faster and improve over time. Instead of investing heavily upfront, you can release updates based on user feedback and market demand, helping you better manage the cost to build an App Like Zerodha.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"hrywhf\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"49\">Conclusion:<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"51\" data-end=\"320\">Building a fintech platform is a high-potential investment, but success depends on how strategically you plan your development and budget. The cost to build an App Like Zerodha can vary widely based on features, scalability, and the development approach you choose.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"322\" data-end=\"624\">By starting with the right roadmap, focusing on essential features, and scaling gradually, businesses can enter the fintech space without unnecessary costs. Platforms like <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span> have shown that a well-built trading app can grow into a highly profitable digital business.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"935\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">If you&#8217;re planning to build a trading app, partnering with the right development team is crucial. GetProjects helps you <a href=\"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/agencies\">find the right development partner<\/a>, ensuring you get the best value for your investment while building a scalable, high-performance trading platform.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1hp0fg5\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"43\">FAQs:<\/h2>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"97rsi9\" data-start=\"50\" data-end=\"127\">1. What is the cost to build an app like Zerodha based on company size?<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"128\" data-end=\"538\">The cost varies depending on the scale of the business and product vision. For startups, an MVP version can cost between \u20b915\u201330 Lakhs with limited features. Mid-sized companies usually invest \u20b930\u201380 Lakhs to build a more feature-rich platform. Enterprise-level apps similar to <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span> can exceed \u20b91 Crore+, especially with advanced trading, analytics, and scalability.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"mtv2eb\" data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"605\">2. How long does it take to build an app like Zerodha?<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"606\" data-end=\"860\">The development timeline depends on complexity. A basic MVP can take around 3\u20136 months, while a mid-level app may require 6\u20139 months. A full-scale trading platform with advanced features, security, and compliance can take 9\u201315 months or more.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"ye4t6f\" data-start=\"867\" data-end=\"930\">3. How to select the best company to build a trading app?<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"1231\">Choosing the right development partner is crucial. Look for companies with fintech experience, proven case studies, and expertise in real-time systems. A good company should understand trading workflows, compliance requirements, and scalable architecture rather than just general app development.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"12o6mt8\" data-start=\"1238\" data-end=\"1299\">4. What factors should you consider before development?<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1300\" data-end=\"1578\">Before starting, focus on key factors such as target audience, feature set, compliance (SEBI\/KYC), scalability, and budget. You should also decide whether to build an MVP first or go for a full-featured product. These decisions directly impact development cost and timeline.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"w71uho\" data-start=\"1875\" data-end=\"1943\">5. Is it necessary to build all features like Zerodha at once?<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1944\" data-end=\"2181\">No, it\u2019s not required. Even platforms like <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Zerodha<\/span><\/span> evolved over time. You can start with core trading features and add advanced functionalities like margin trading, analytics, and automation in later phases.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"npb9mo\" data-start=\"2188\" data-end=\"2251\">6. What technologies are used to build apps like Zerodha?<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2252\" data-end=\"2489\">Trading apps typically use React Native\/Flutter (frontend), Node.js\/Python (backend), cloud platforms like AWS, and third-party APIs for market data and KYC. The tech stack should be chosen based on scalability and performance needs.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2252\" data-end=\"2489\"><strong>Also Read:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/how-much-does-it-cost-to-build-an-app-like-expedia-in-india\/\">How much does it cost to build an app like Expedia\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2252\" data-end=\"2489\"><strong>Also Read:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/how-much-does-it-cost-to-build-an-app-like-instacart-in-india\/\">How much does it cost to build an app like Instacart\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Platforms like Zerodha have revolutionized India\u2019s fintech space, growing to 10M+ users and handling massive daily trading volumes. Their success shows how a simple, low-cost trading app can generate strong revenue through brokerage, subscriptions, and advanced trading tools. And that&#8217;s not it, according to a News Report, Zerodha reported \u20b98,320 crore revenue and \u20b94,700 crore [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-app-development"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1142"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2009,"href":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1142\/revisions\/2009"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getprojects.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}